INSTRUCTORS
KATE FORESTER
Landscape Architect
Key project experience:
Stormwater design,
maintenance, manual and
code development
REBECCA DUGOPOLSKI, PE
Senior Engineer
Key project experience: Stormwater
monitoring, design, and NPDES
Permit compliance
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
• 2012: Public and private
partners engage state
legislature to fund program
• June 2012: LID Training
Steering Committee
• 2012‐2013: Washington State
Low Impact Development
Training Plan developed:
www.wastormwatercenter.org/
lid‐background/
• Training program built from
state LID Training Plan
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 49 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2014‐2015.
• 42 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2015‐2016.
• 39 trainings offered in
western and eastern WA in
2017.
• Three levels: Introductory,
Intermediate, and Advanced.
• Statewide LID Certificate now
available.
PROJECT LEAD
ADDITIONAL TRAINING SUPPORT
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
CORE TEAM
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTORY
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTORY
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
Training Program
Statewide LID
ADVANCED TOPICS FOR LONG-TERM
LID OPERATIONS: BIORETENTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Gain an understanding of the structure and function of
bioretention components
Develop an in‐depth understanding of inspection
activities to track and guide long‐term facility
maintenance
Know the requirements for primary preventative and
intensive maintenance of bioretention facilities
Understand how to adaptively manage bioretention
facilities by tracking trends in facility conditions and
outcomes of maintenance activities
LOGISTICS
SCHEDULE
• 8‐hour training
• Lunch is provided
• Site visits/field exercises in the
afternoon
OTHER LOGISTICS
• Restrooms
• Turn off cell phones
• Sign in and sign out
introduction
AGENDA
bioretention O&M
plants
O&M costs
wrap up
administrative tools
23456
introduction
123456
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Overview
LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID):
Stormwater Management Strategy
INTRODUCTION
• Site design & planning
techniques emphasizing
conservation
• Use of small‐scale engineered
controls to closely mimic pre‐
development hydrologic
processes
LID: Principles
pre‐developed forest vs. developed condition
INTRODUCTION
2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound
LID: Small‐Scale Engineering Controls
INTRODUCTION
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
Synonyms for LID BMPs:
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), and On-Site Stormwater
Management BMPs
Replace Pre‐developed
Hydrologic Functions
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Overview
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater
Permits
Municipal Stormwater Permittees in Washington State
Phase I Permittees
Western Washington Phase
II Permittees
Eastern Washington Phase II
Permittees
Seattle
Tacoma
Clark County
King County
Pierce County
Snohomish County
82 Cities
5 Counties
18 Cities
5 Counties
Secondary Permittees: Approximately 45; such as ports and universities
To see a listing of permittees visit
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/municipal/MuniStrmWtrPermList.html
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By Permittee
INTRODUCTION
• Phase II requirements are somewhat less extensive
• Secondary permittee requirements vary
Timeline for updating maintenance standards
Phase I
Per Section S5.C.9.a of
the Phase I Permit
Phase II
June
2014
June 30,
2015
Dec. 31,
2016
June 30,
2017
June 30,
2018
Most
Permits
Lewis Co. and
Cowlitz Co.
City of
Aberdeen
Per Section S5.C.5.a of the Phase I Permit
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By BMP Classification
INTRODUCTION
• On‐site Stormwater
Management BMPs
• Stormwater Treatment
and Flow Control
BMPs/Facilities
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Minimum
Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
Preparation of Stormwater
Site Plans
Construction SWPPP
Source Control
Preserve natural Drainage
On‐Site Stormwater
management
Run‐off Treatment
Flow Control
Wetlands Protection
O&M
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Minimum
Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
Curtis Hinman
Lotus Springs
• MR #2 – Construction Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
• Protect LID BMPs from sediment and
compaction
• MR #5 – On‐site Stormwater
Management
• Infiltrate, disperse, and retain runoff
on‐site to the extent feasible
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Minimum
Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
• MR #6 – Runoff Treatment
• Water quality treatment for
pollution‐generating areas
• MR #7 – Flow Control
• Control of flow peaks and flow
durations
• MR #9 – O&M
• Require an O&M manual for
proposed stormwater facilities
and BMPs
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: On‐site
Stormwater Management BMPs
INTRODUCTION
• Used to help meet MR #5
• May be used to help meet MR #6
and/or MR #7
• “On‐site Stormwater Management
BMPs”= LID BMPs
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: On‐site
Stormwater Management BMPs
INTRODUCTION
• Includes the following LID BMPs:
Rain Gardens (BMP T5.14A)
Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
Downspout Full Infiltration (BMP T5.10A)
Downspout Dispersion (BMP T5.10B)
Concentrated Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.11)
Sheet Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.12)
Compost‐amended soils (BMP T5.13)
SR 231 – Aimee S. Navickis-Brasch
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Treatment
and Flow Control BMPs/Facilities
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Subset of On‐site Stormwater Management BMPs
• Used to meet MR #6 or MR #7
• May also be used to meet MR #5
• Includes the following BMPs:
Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
Detention facilities
Standard infiltration facilities
Treatment BMPs/facilities
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Overview
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
O&M Standards
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Implement maintenance standards
Adopt or update ordinance or other
enforceable documents
Implement practices, policies, &
procedures to reduce stormwater
impacts associated with runoff
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Plan Review
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Verify maintenance plan completed &
O&M responsibility assigned
Verify submission of maintenance
instructions
Verify that O&M manual is complete
Review and approve declaration of
covenant (including design details,
figures and maintenance instructions)
and grant of easement
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Legal authority to inspect private
stormwater facilities and enforce
maintenance standards
Conduct post‐construction
inspections to ensure proper
installation
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection (continued)
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Conduct inspections during
construction in new residential
developments*
Conduct ongoing annual inspections
Perform spot checks for potentially
damaged BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee after major storm events
*Every 6 months until 90% of the lots are constructed or when construction is
stopped and the site is fully stabilized
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Enforcement
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Enforce compliance with
maintenance standards, as needed,
based on inspection
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Training
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Train staff involved in plan review,
permitting, construction site
inspections, & enforcement
Implement an ongoing training
program for employees who have
primary O&M job functions that may
impact SW quality
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Record Keeping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Keep records of inspections and
enforcement actions (e.g., inspection
reports, notices of violations)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Mapping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities
(MR #6 and/or MR #7)
Scale drawing of the lot(s) and
public ROW that show BMP
locations
Map BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee
Map connections between BMPs
and tributary conveyances*
*Phase I Only
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Objectives
INTRODUCTION
• Support permittees in implementing
LID maintenance programs
• Provide specific O&M guidance so
permittees can create maintenance
standards that preserve facility
function
• Note: Jurisdictions may want to tailor
the tables in the O&M guidance
document to address varying levels‐
of‐service
Drena Donofrio
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Development
INTRODUCTION
• Two advisory committees
• LID Maintenance Advisory
Committee
• LID Maintenance Administrative
Issues Advisory Committee
• Best available information
• Advisory committee input
• Literature review
• Targeted surveys sent to
jurisdictions, contractors/
landscapers, and vendors
• Guidance will evolve over time
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
INTRODUCTION
• Summary of NPDES Permit Requirements
• Maintaining LID BMPs
• Bioretention facilities
• Rain gardens
• Permeable pavement
• Vegetated roofs
• Programmatic & Administrative Guidance
• Downspout infiltration systems
• Downspout, sheet flow, and conc. dispersion
systems
• Compost amended soils
SPU
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
INTRODUCTION
• BMP description
• How water moves through facility
• Key maintenance considerations to
ensure facility function
• Function by BMP component
• Key maintenance by BMP
component
• Key operations to preserve facility
function
Drena Donofrio
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Maintenance Standard and Procedures
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Equipment and Materials List
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Skills and Staffing
INTRODUCTION
• List of general skills required
• List of additional specialized
skills
• Staffing survey estimates (e.g.,
crew hours per facility, per
linear foot, or per square foot)
bioretention O&M
23456
• Definition and Types
• Components
• How the facility works
• Bioretention vs. rain gardens
• Maintenance standards & procedures
by component
• Equipment and materials
• Skills
OVERVIEW
BIORETENTION O&M
SPU
• Shallow landscaped depressions that
receive stormwater from small
contributing areas
• Small scale, dispersed facilities
• Types:
• Bioretention cells
• Bioretention swales
• Infiltration planters
• Flow‐through planters
DEFINITION AND TYPES
BIORETENTION O&M
SPU
• Flow Entrance
• Pre‐Settling
• Ponding Area
• Bioretention Soil
• Mulch/Compost
• Vegetation
• Filter Fabric (?)
• Liner (optional)
• Underdrain (optional)
• Overflow
COMPONENTS
BIORETENTION O&M
Eastern WA LID Manual
2009 Clean Water Services LIDA Handbook
HOW THE FACILITY WORKS
BIORETENTION O&M
Bioretention Cell
• Water enters facility
• Ponds
• Infiltrates through
bioretention soil/ gravel
bed
• Infiltrates into underlying
soil
• Ponded water exceeding
max. depth overflows
HOW THE FACILITY WORKS
BIORETENTION O&M
Bioretention Planter
• Water enters facility
• Ponds
• Infiltrates through
bioretention
soil/gravel bed
• Infiltrates into
underlying soil
• Ponded water
exceeding max. depth
overflows
2009 Clean Water Services LIDA Handbook
• Water enters facility
• Ponds
• Infiltrates through
bioretention soil/ gravel
bed
• Infiltrates into
underlying soil
• Ponded water
exceeding max. depth
overflows
• Underdrain collects
water in gravel layer
and routes to overflow
HOW THE FACILITY WORKS
BIORETENTION O&M
Bioretention Planter
2009 Clean Water Services LIDA Handbook
BIORETENTION VS RAIN GARDENS
BIORETENTION O&M
• Bioretention:
• Often includes surface and subsurface
infrastructure
• Designed soil mix
• Meets requirements for MR #6 and #7 and
required for MR #5 if MR #1‐9 required
• Rain gardens
• Usually do not include under‐drains
• May use less restrictive soil mix guidelines
(e.g., existing soil augmented with compost
and sand)
• Meets MR #5 requirements.
• Inlets
• Ponding area
• Check dams/weirs
• Bioretention soil
• Outlets
• Underdrains
• Mulch
Maintenance Standards & Procedures By
Component
BIORETENTION O&M
Siskyou Street, Portland
INLETS: Types
BIORETENTION O&M
Sheet flow from sidewalk and
roadway
Sheet flow from parking lot
INLETS: Types
BIORETENTION O&M
Curb cut
Curb cut with grate
INLETS: Types
BIORETENTION O&M
Trench drain from roadway
Trench drain from upslope BMP
INLETS: Types
BIORETENTION O&M
Piped inlet from upslope BMP
Piped inlet from roadway/parking lot
• Stormwater must freely
enter facility (no
obstructions)
• Water entering facility
should not cause erosion
INLETS: Maintenance Considerations
BIORETENTION O&M
12th Avenue, Portland
INLETS: Maintenance
BIORETENTION O&M
• Maintain erosion control at concentrated flow inlets
(e.g., rock pad)
• Ensure pipe is not damaged or clogged
Trench drain
Piped flow
Curb cut
INLETS: Maintenance
BIORETENTION O&M
• Remove accumulated…