EASTERN WASHINGTON
STORMWATER EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT
YAKIMA CAR WASH WASTEWATER EDUCATION & OUTREACH
EFFECTIVENESS STUDY
Study Classification:
☐ Structural BMP
☐ Operational BMP
☑ Education & Outreach
Study Objective(s):
☑ Evaluate Effectiveness
☐ Compare Effectiveness
February 2022
Prepared For:
City of Yakima
Stormwater Department
129 N. Second Street
Yakima, Washington 98901
(509) 576-6606
Prepared By:
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
101 S Stevens St, Suite 103
Spokane, WA 99201
(509) 867-3654
Technical Evaluation Report
FEBRUARY 2022
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TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT PUBLICATION INFORMATION
The Technical Evaluation Report (TER), as well as the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for this
study, is available to the public on the City of Yakima website:
(https://www.yakimawa.gov/services/wastewater-treatment-plant/stormwater/).
TER AUTHORS AND CONTACT INFORMATION
Aimee Navickis-Brasch, PhD, PE
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
Engineering Manager
101 S. Stevens Street, Suite 103
Spokane, WA 99201
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654 Ext. 301
Taylor Hoffman-Ballard, PE
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
Stormwater Engineer
101 S. Stevens Street, Suite 103
Spokane, WA 99201
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654 Ext. 302
MaKenna Lindberg
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
Engineering Technician
1800 112th Avenue NE, Suite 220E
Bellevue, WA 98004
[email protected]
(425) 451-4009 Ext. 108
Nicole Chen, EIT
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
Project Engineer
1402 3rd Avenue, Suite 415
Seattle, WA 98101
[email protected]
(206) 628-9133 Ext. 232
Mark Maurer, PE, PLS
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
Senior Stormwater Engineer
101 S. Stevens Street, Suite 103
Spokane, WA 99201
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654
Technical Evaluation Report
FEBRUARY 2022
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DOCUMENT HISTORY
This study was conducted following the QAPP which can be accessed at the link on the previous page. The
study began in July 2021 and the last data were collected in October 2021. Data collection was completed
in November of 2021 and the final TER was submitted to the Washington State Department of Ecology in
February 2022.
Technical Evaluation Report
FEBRUARY 2022
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DISTRIBUTION LIST
This section includes the distribution list for each party who received a copy of the TER.
Name
Title
Organization
Contact Information:
E-mail and Telephone
Randy Meloy
Surface Water Engineer
City of Yakima
[email protected]
(509) 576-6606
Jack Wells
Natural Resource Specialist
Yakima County
[email protected]
(509) 574-2350
Erin Barnett
Stormwater Code Enforcement
City of Selah
[email protected]
(509) 698-7331
Raul Sanchez
Wastewater and Storm Supervisor
City of Sunnyside
[email protected]
(509) 836-6566
David Dominguez
Civil Engineer
City of Union Gap
[email protected]
(509) 249-9211
Jeff Wiemer
Regional Stormwater Coordinator
Asotin County, City of
Asotin, and
City of Clarkston
[email protected]
(509)-243-2071 Ext. 1430
Bill Aukett
Stormwater Program Manager
City of Moses Lake
[email protected]
(509) 764-3792
Andrea Jedel
Permit Manager
Washington State
Department of Ecology
[email protected]
(509) 575-2807
Brandi Lubliner
Water Quality Program Quality
Assurance Reviewer
Washington State
Department of Ecology
[email protected]
(360) 407-7140
Aimee Navickis-Brasch
Engineering Manager
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654 Ext. 301
Taylor Hoffman-Ballard
Stormwater Engineer
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654 Ext. 302
MaKenna Lindberg
Engineering Technician
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
[email protected]
(425) 451-4009 Ext. 108
Nicole Chen
Project Engineer
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
[email protected]
(206) 628-9133 Ext. 232
Mark Maurer
Senior Engineer
Osborn Consulting, Inc.
[email protected]
(509) 867-3654
Technical Evaluation Report
FEBRUARY 2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2.0
BACKGROUND …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1
INTRODUCTION TO THE E&O PROGRAM …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
2.2
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
2.3
PROJECT GOALS & OBJECTIVES …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
2.4
PROJECT OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
2.5
STUDY LOCATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
3.0
SAMPLING PROCEDURES …………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
3.1
TYPES OF DATA COLLECTED ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
3.2
SAMPLING COLLECTION PROCESS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
3.2.1
SOP Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
3.2.2
Audit Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
4.0
DATA QUALITY AND ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………………………………. 11
4.1
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
4.1.1
Data Verification ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
4.1.2
Data Usability Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
5.0
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………………………… 14
5.1
OBJECTIVE #1: UNDERSTAND TO WHAT EXTENT THE TARGET AUDIENCE CURRENTLY USES PREFERRED CAR
WASHING BMPS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
5.1.1
Baseline Survey Results …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
5.1.2
Baseline Observational Results ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
5.2
OBJECTIVE #2: DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT AN E&O PROGRAM TARGETING ADOPTION OF PREFERRED CAR
WASHING BMPS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
5.3
OBJECTIVE #3: MEASURE ADOPTION OF TARGETED BEHAVIORS BY THE TARGET AUDIENCE ………………….. 24
5.3.1
Follow-Up Survey Results and Comparison ……………………………………………………………………………… 25
5.3.2
Follow-Up Observational Results ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
5.3.3
Commercial Car Wash Usage Results ……………………………………………………………………………………… 32
5.3.4
Results of Statistical Comparison ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
5.4
OBJECTIVE #4: DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THE STUDY FINDINGS AND USE THE
RECOMMENDATIONS TO REVISE AND IMPLEMENT A MODIFIED E&O PROGRAM ………………………………………………. 33
6.0
CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
7.0
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42
APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
APPENDIX B: OBSERVATIONAL DATA FORM …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
APPENDIX C: DATA ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
Appendix C.1: Survey Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
Appendix C.2: Observational Data Record …………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
Appendix C.3: Statistical Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
APPENDIX D: DATA QUALITY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
Appendix D.1 Assessment of MPCs and DQIs …………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
Appendix D.2 Results of Audit …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
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Appendix D.3 SOP Deviations Documentation …………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Appendix D.4 Results of Data Verification ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53
APPENDIX E: CAR WASH USAGE DATA COLLECTED ………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
APPENDIX F: SUMMARY OF QAPP REVISIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
APPENDIX G: REVISED E&O MATERIALS AND SURVEY ……………………………………………………………………………… 56
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES:
Table 2-1: E&O Materials and the Distribution of Materials ……………………………………………………………………………. 4
Figure 2-1 Approximate Locations of Local Commercial Car Washes and Target Neighborhoods ……………………….. 7
Table 2-2 Study Neighborhood Locations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Table 3-1 Data Needed to Meet Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Table 4-1 Data Verification Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
Table 4-2 Data Usability Assessment Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Table 4-3 Flag Data Codes ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Figure 5-1 Where Respondents Reside ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Figure 5-2 Awareness of Best Car Washing Location (Baseline Responses Only) …………………………………………….. 17
Figure 5-3 Awareness of Car Washing Wastewater Impacts (Baseline Responses Only)……………………………………. 17
Figure 5-4 Awareness of Car Washing BMPs (Baseline Responses Only) ……………………………………………………….. 18
Figure 5-5 Adoption of Preferred Car Washing Location (Baseline Responses Only) ……………………………………….. 20
Figure 5-6 Frequency of Preferred Car Washing BMP Adoption (Baseline Responses Only) …………………………….. 20
Table 5-1 Likert Scales for Car washing BMPs and Non-Environmentally Friendly BMPs ……………………………….. 21
Figure 5-7 Barriers Identified to Adopting Car Wash BMPs (Baseline Responses Only) …………………………………… 22
Table 5-2 E&O Program Schedule During Study ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
Figure 5-8 Question Used to Distinguish Baseline and Follow-Up Survey Responses ……………………………………….. 25
Figure 5-9 Awareness of Best Car Washing Location ……………………………………………………………………………………. 26
Figure 5-10 Awareness of Car Washing Wastewater Impacts…………………………………………………………………………. 27
Figure 5-11 Awareness of Car Washing BMPs …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
Figure 5-12 Adoption of Preferred Car Washing Location …………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Figure 5-13 Frequency of Preferred Car Washing BMP Adoption ………………………………………………………………….. 30
Figure 5-14 Barriers Identified to Adopting Car Wash BMPs ………………………………………………………………………… 31
Table 5-3 Awareness & Adoption Statistical Comparison Results ………………………………………………………………….. 33
Technical Evaluation Report
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
Systems (MS4s) Phase II Permit (the Permit) for Eastern Washington (EWA), jurisdictions such as the City
of Yakima, Washington (City of Yakima), are required to evaluate the effectiveness of a Permit-required
stormwater management program (S8 Monitoring and Assessment) and evaluate their education and
outreach (E&O) programs (S5.B.1.b). The study presented in this document was designed to meet the
requirements of both Permit requirements.
The City of Yakima chose to focus their E&O program to target the car washing behaviors of City of
Yakima residents who drive one or more vehicles (the…