Summary: Template for Natural Environment and health Logic Model, equity links with natural environment, health outcomes and access to nature
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
Natural Environment Determines Health
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environment, as it relates to health, as “all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and
all the related behaviors.†Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injuries, and disabilities related to the interactions between people
and their natural environment.
The health of the natural environment impacts human health, both adversely and positively. While a polluted environment causes diseases that harm our health,
research evidence suggests contact with nature provides many health benefits, ranging from stress reduction, attention retention and social connectedness to
improved recovery from illness and crime prevention.
By protecting and preserving the natural environment, we can enjoy clean air, water, land and healthy foods while at the same time strengthening environmental
capital in local communities. By providing fair access to clean and healthy natural environments, such as air, water, open spaces and shorelines, we honor both
environmental justice and health equity. By respecting the nature, we can yield co-benefits, including low-impact development, green site design and buildings, a
biophilic built environment, and climate change adaptation. These co-benefits, in turn, improve our health, quality of life, a sense of place, and community
resiliency.
The Logic Model
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Air
• Prioritize Puget Sound Clean Air Agency best management
practices.
• Consider health impacts on vulnerable populations and
encourage appropriate mitigation during SEPA and/or NEPA
process.
• Adopt a tree preservation ordinance.
• Require multi-modal transportation options in new and
redevelopment areas.
• Improved air quality by
reducing such pollutants as
PM, CO, NOx, O3, VOCs,
carcinogens, and greenhouse
gases (GHGs).
• Improved tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Increased neighborhood
satisfaction.
• Reduced respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases.
• Improved physical and mental
health.
• Improved health of people,
wildlife, and the natural
environment.
• Improved environmental justice.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Drinking Water • Update critical areas code language to include best available
science and consistency with Ecology’s water supplyi and
critical areas (e.g. aquifer recharge areas).
• Encourage connection to municipal water when within
reasonable distance of municipal service.
• Reduced development around
critical aquifer recharge areas.
• Improved conditions of existing
wells and municipal water
system.
• Improved stream flows and
overall water quality.
• Reduced future contamination
of private wells
• Reduced groundwater
contamination.
• Reduced waterborne diseases.
• Improved overall health and
safety.
• Improved health of people,
wildlife, and the natural
environment.
Stormwater and
Low Impact
Development ii
(LID)
• Encourage environmentally-resilient development.
• Incentivize and encourage LID practices by streamlining
permitting, developing implementation guidance for business
owners, etc.
• Ensure stormwater regulations align with Ecology’s Stormwater
Manualsiii.
• Maintain and enforce stormwater regulations.
• Adopt LID goals and policies in the Comprehensive Plan.
• Encourage or require LID practices in subdivision code and/or
zoning code.
• Require LID in engineering design standards.
• Reduced loss of property and
investment in infrastructure.
• Improved water quality.
• Reduced groundwater and
wildlife contamination.
• Improved surface water flows.
• Reduced damage from heavy
rain and flood events.
• Increased acreages of green
spaces.
• Increased retention of onsite
natural features.
• Reduced water consumption
for residential, commercial,
and industrial uses.
• Reduced waterborne diseases.
• Improved overall health and
safety of people.
• Improved environmental and
wildlife health.
• Improved trust and commitment
to public investment.
• Increased social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Environmentally
Sensitive Lands
and Natural,
Fisheries,
Estuarine &
Wildlife
Habitats
• Protect environmentally sensitive and natural resource lands,
including but not limited to critical areas, wetlands, natural and
wildlife habitats, shorelines, and waterbodies, etc.
• Collaborate with tribes and other agencies to co-manage
(conserve, protect, restore and enhance, etc.) natural, fish and
wildlife habitats.
• Improve marine and terrestrial conditions most threatening to
declining populations and species.
• Elevate visibility of regional indicator species.
• Identify habitat areas that will require sensitivity in land-use
planning and development.
• Update critical areas code to include best available science and
consistency with Ecology requirements (e.g. wetlands, streams,
aquifer recharge areas).
• Limit or prohibit development within shoreline habitat areas.
• Consider tools, such as Transfer of Development Rights and
conservation easements, to protect environmentally sensitive
and natural resources lands.
• Assess shoreline management strategies and regulations to
improve environmental and human health.
• Ensure local Shoreline Management Program balances and
aligns with twin goals of environmental/habitat protection and
public access established in the Shoreline Management Act.
• Consider health impacts and encourage appropriate mitigation
during SEPA and/or NEPA process.
• Raise awareness of applicable state and federal law related to
sensitive lands among the public.
• Align comprehensive plans and development regulations with
Action Agenda for Puget Soundiv, which charts the course to
recovery of our nation's largest estuary.
• Increased acreages of critical
and other environmental
sensitive areas preserved.
• Increased biodiversity of
natural resources.
• Improved protection of
endangered species.
• Improved marine food web.
• Restored social-ecological
systems by simultaneously
supporting economic and
cultural practices.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Improved viewshed
preservation.
• Reduced development of site
containing significant
development hazards.
• Increased distribution of
natural areas across an
area/jurisdiction.
• Increased public access to
natural areas.
• Reduced climate change
impacts.
• Improved shoreline ecosystem
supporting upland and
waterward ecosystems.
• Improved balance among the
three pillars of sustainable
development—people, prosperity
and planet.
• Improved mental well-being.
• Improved health for people,
wildlife and the natural
environment.
• Increased environmental capital.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Work with Conservation Futures to secure funds to acquire and
preserve wetlands, habitat areas, and shorelines, etc.
• Improved surface water flows,
stream flows and overall water
quality.
• Reduced damage from heavy
rain and flood events.
• Reduced development around
critical aquifer recharge areas.
Green/Open
Space and
Trees
Adopt policies in the Comprehensive Plan (e.g. Land Use
Element and Parks, Recreation and Open Space plan) to
provide fair access to green/open space within walking
distance in all neighborhoods and support health and well-
being for all.
Create “Green/Open Space Zone/Greenway†to protect and
connect habitat corridors in the Comprehensive Plan Map.
Create “Green/Open Space Zone/Greenway†in the Zoning
Code Map.
Encourage and protect urban tree canopy.
Protect and/or acquire green/open space to improve the
health and functionality of the diverse natural and wildlife
habitats.
Encourage or require the preservation of open space,
community gardens, and viewsheds in the zoning and
landscaping codes.
Encourage or require open space in the subdivision code.
Consider tree replacement ratios when trees within open
space or critical areas tracts are removed.
Work with Conservation Futures to secure funds to acquire
and preserve open space areas, greenways, and wildlife
corridors.v
• Increased access to
open/green space within
walking distance.
• Increased acreages of open
space and greenways/ green
corridors preserved.
• Increased tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Increased neighborhood
satisfaction.
• Increased human interaction.
• Improved health and
biodiversity of natural habitats.
• Improved health and
functionality of the natural
environment.
• Improved viewshed
preservation.
• Increased tree canopy
protected.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved physical health and
mental well-being.
• Improved neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Increased distribution of open
space across an
area/jurisdiction.
• Increased walkability to open
space areas.
• Increased public access to
green spaces.
• Increased physical activity.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Reduced development of site
containing significant
development hazards.
• Reduced community noise.
• Reduced community light
exposure.
• Increased property value.
Green
Buildings,
Green Site
Design, and
Biophilic Design
• Encourage or require sustainable exterior and interior design
practices in the development or redevelopment of commercial,
industrial, or residential buildings.
• Encourage or require consideration of biophilic principles for
exterior and/or interior design standards.
• Encourage or require the design of buildings in accordance with
the guidelines and practices of the US Green Building Council
LEEDvi or Master Builders Association Built Greenvii.
• Encourage and/or require green site designviii in the zoning
code.
• Adopt green site design standards.
• Encourage environmentally resilient development.
• Reduced energy and water
consumption for residential,
commercial, and industrial
uses.
• Increased urban canopy and
vegetation.
• Increased tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Reduced impervious surface
flows.
• Improved water quality.
• Reduced community noise.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved health and well-being.
• Increased human interaction.
• Improved cognitive development.
• Improved neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased physical, social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Incentivize and encourage green building practices, such as
supporting tax breaks, offering contracting priority to qualified
firms, streamlining permitting process, lowering development
application fees, etc.
• Reduced community light
exposure.
• Improved indoor and outdoor
air quality.
• Reduced climate change
impacts.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Reduced air pollutants, such
as particulate matter (PM),
carbon monoxide (CO),
nitrogen oxide (NOx), ozone
(O3), volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and
allergens.
• Improved walkability and social
interaction.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Climate
Change, Rising
Sea Water and
Natural
Disasters
• Integrate natural hazards into comprehensive plansix.
• Adopt a Hazard Mitigation Plan consistent and coordinated with
King County or Pierce County Hazard Mitigation Plans.
• Adopt climate change adaptationx and sustainability policies in
the Comprehensive Plan.
• Adopt and implement a climate action plan and strategies that
emphasize and address equity implications of risk.
• Collaborate with the local health department to develop an
emergency preparedness/management plan.
• Develop plans to relocate essential services away from 500-
year flood plain.
• Participate in the National Flood Insurance Programxi (adopt
FEMA requirements).
• Reduced climate change
impacts, particularly on
vulnerable populations.
• Reduced air pollution caused
by greenhouse gases (GHGs),
etc.
• Reduced extreme weather
events.
• Reduced vector-borne
diseases by fleas, ticks, and
mosquitoes.
• Reduced energy and water
consumption for residential,
commercial, and industrial
uses.
• Reduced mortality.
• Reduced health disparities
caused by climate change.
• Improved environmental justice.
• Increased environmental capital.
• Increased community resilience
and social capital.
• Reduced disruption of essential
safety, health, and infrastructure
services.
• Increased neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased safety.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved overall health and well-
being.
Crime
Prevention
Through
Environmental
Designxii
(CPTED)
• Employ the use of CPTED principles in the zoning code (e.g.
zoning development standards, outdoor lighting, trees,
landscaping).
• Identify places for CPTED prioritization, investment, based on
spatial and crime data.
• Reduced crime and fear.
• Increased perception of safety.
• Increased public access to
open space area.
• Increased walkability and
social interaction.
• Increased usage of open
space.
• Increased sense of place and
ownership of open space.
• Improved neighborhood safety.
• Reduced crime and injuries.
• Increased neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Improved overall health and well-
being.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Sustainable
Development
Best Practice
• Adopt “Smart Growth†principlesxiii to support triple-bottom line
of sustainable development.
• Consider project and non-project impacts on people, prosperity
and planet.
• Consider health impacts on vulnerable populations.
• Encourage appropriate mitigation to address impacts during
SEPA and/or NEPA processxiv.
• Reduced health disparities.
• Improved balance among the
three pillars of sustainable
development—people, prosperity
and planet.
• Improved environmental justice.
Research Evidence
Natural Environment in General
American Public Health Association Policy Number 20137. Nov 5, 2013. “Improving Health and Wellness through Access to Nature.†Accessed April 15, 2020.
https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/08/09/18/improving-health-and-wellness-through-access-to-
nature.
American Society of Landscape Architects. “Professional Practice: Health Benefits of Nature.†Accessed April 15,…
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
Natural Environment Determines Health
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environment, as it relates to health, as “all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and
all the related behaviors.†Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injuries, and disabilities related to the interactions between people
and their natural environment.
The health of the natural environment impacts human health, both adversely and positively. While a polluted environment causes diseases that harm our health,
research evidence suggests contact with nature provides many health benefits, ranging from stress reduction, attention retention and social connectedness to
improved recovery from illness and crime prevention.
By protecting and preserving the natural environment, we can enjoy clean air, water, land and healthy foods while at the same time strengthening environmental
capital in local communities. By providing fair access to clean and healthy natural environments, such as air, water, open spaces and shorelines, we honor both
environmental justice and health equity. By respecting the nature, we can yield co-benefits, including low-impact development, green site design and buildings, a
biophilic built environment, and climate change adaptation. These co-benefits, in turn, improve our health, quality of life, a sense of place, and community
resiliency.
The Logic Model
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Air
• Prioritize Puget Sound Clean Air Agency best management
practices.
• Consider health impacts on vulnerable populations and
encourage appropriate mitigation during SEPA and/or NEPA
process.
• Adopt a tree preservation ordinance.
• Require multi-modal transportation options in new and
redevelopment areas.
• Improved air quality by
reducing such pollutants as
PM, CO, NOx, O3, VOCs,
carcinogens, and greenhouse
gases (GHGs).
• Improved tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Increased neighborhood
satisfaction.
• Reduced respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases.
• Improved physical and mental
health.
• Improved health of people,
wildlife, and the natural
environment.
• Improved environmental justice.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Drinking Water • Update critical areas code language to include best available
science and consistency with Ecology’s water supplyi and
critical areas (e.g. aquifer recharge areas).
• Encourage connection to municipal water when within
reasonable distance of municipal service.
• Reduced development around
critical aquifer recharge areas.
• Improved conditions of existing
wells and municipal water
system.
• Improved stream flows and
overall water quality.
• Reduced future contamination
of private wells
• Reduced groundwater
contamination.
• Reduced waterborne diseases.
• Improved overall health and
safety.
• Improved health of people,
wildlife, and the natural
environment.
Stormwater and
Low Impact
Development ii
(LID)
• Encourage environmentally-resilient development.
• Incentivize and encourage LID practices by streamlining
permitting, developing implementation guidance for business
owners, etc.
• Ensure stormwater regulations align with Ecology’s Stormwater
Manualsiii.
• Maintain and enforce stormwater regulations.
• Adopt LID goals and policies in the Comprehensive Plan.
• Encourage or require LID practices in subdivision code and/or
zoning code.
• Require LID in engineering design standards.
• Reduced loss of property and
investment in infrastructure.
• Improved water quality.
• Reduced groundwater and
wildlife contamination.
• Improved surface water flows.
• Reduced damage from heavy
rain and flood events.
• Increased acreages of green
spaces.
• Increased retention of onsite
natural features.
• Reduced water consumption
for residential, commercial,
and industrial uses.
• Reduced waterborne diseases.
• Improved overall health and
safety of people.
• Improved environmental and
wildlife health.
• Improved trust and commitment
to public investment.
• Increased social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Environmentally
Sensitive Lands
and Natural,
Fisheries,
Estuarine &
Wildlife
Habitats
• Protect environmentally sensitive and natural resource lands,
including but not limited to critical areas, wetlands, natural and
wildlife habitats, shorelines, and waterbodies, etc.
• Collaborate with tribes and other agencies to co-manage
(conserve, protect, restore and enhance, etc.) natural, fish and
wildlife habitats.
• Improve marine and terrestrial conditions most threatening to
declining populations and species.
• Elevate visibility of regional indicator species.
• Identify habitat areas that will require sensitivity in land-use
planning and development.
• Update critical areas code to include best available science and
consistency with Ecology requirements (e.g. wetlands, streams,
aquifer recharge areas).
• Limit or prohibit development within shoreline habitat areas.
• Consider tools, such as Transfer of Development Rights and
conservation easements, to protect environmentally sensitive
and natural resources lands.
• Assess shoreline management strategies and regulations to
improve environmental and human health.
• Ensure local Shoreline Management Program balances and
aligns with twin goals of environmental/habitat protection and
public access established in the Shoreline Management Act.
• Consider health impacts and encourage appropriate mitigation
during SEPA and/or NEPA process.
• Raise awareness of applicable state and federal law related to
sensitive lands among the public.
• Align comprehensive plans and development regulations with
Action Agenda for Puget Soundiv, which charts the course to
recovery of our nation's largest estuary.
• Increased acreages of critical
and other environmental
sensitive areas preserved.
• Increased biodiversity of
natural resources.
• Improved protection of
endangered species.
• Improved marine food web.
• Restored social-ecological
systems by simultaneously
supporting economic and
cultural practices.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Improved viewshed
preservation.
• Reduced development of site
containing significant
development hazards.
• Increased distribution of
natural areas across an
area/jurisdiction.
• Increased public access to
natural areas.
• Reduced climate change
impacts.
• Improved shoreline ecosystem
supporting upland and
waterward ecosystems.
• Improved balance among the
three pillars of sustainable
development—people, prosperity
and planet.
• Improved mental well-being.
• Improved health for people,
wildlife and the natural
environment.
• Increased environmental capital.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Work with Conservation Futures to secure funds to acquire and
preserve wetlands, habitat areas, and shorelines, etc.
• Improved surface water flows,
stream flows and overall water
quality.
• Reduced damage from heavy
rain and flood events.
• Reduced development around
critical aquifer recharge areas.
Green/Open
Space and
Trees
Adopt policies in the Comprehensive Plan (e.g. Land Use
Element and Parks, Recreation and Open Space plan) to
provide fair access to green/open space within walking
distance in all neighborhoods and support health and well-
being for all.
Create “Green/Open Space Zone/Greenway†to protect and
connect habitat corridors in the Comprehensive Plan Map.
Create “Green/Open Space Zone/Greenway†in the Zoning
Code Map.
Encourage and protect urban tree canopy.
Protect and/or acquire green/open space to improve the
health and functionality of the diverse natural and wildlife
habitats.
Encourage or require the preservation of open space,
community gardens, and viewsheds in the zoning and
landscaping codes.
Encourage or require open space in the subdivision code.
Consider tree replacement ratios when trees within open
space or critical areas tracts are removed.
Work with Conservation Futures to secure funds to acquire
and preserve open space areas, greenways, and wildlife
corridors.v
• Increased access to
open/green space within
walking distance.
• Increased acreages of open
space and greenways/ green
corridors preserved.
• Increased tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Increased neighborhood
satisfaction.
• Increased human interaction.
• Improved health and
biodiversity of natural habitats.
• Improved health and
functionality of the natural
environment.
• Improved viewshed
preservation.
• Increased tree canopy
protected.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved physical health and
mental well-being.
• Improved neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Increased distribution of open
space across an
area/jurisdiction.
• Increased walkability to open
space areas.
• Increased public access to
green spaces.
• Increased physical activity.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Reduced development of site
containing significant
development hazards.
• Reduced community noise.
• Reduced community light
exposure.
• Increased property value.
Green
Buildings,
Green Site
Design, and
Biophilic Design
• Encourage or require sustainable exterior and interior design
practices in the development or redevelopment of commercial,
industrial, or residential buildings.
• Encourage or require consideration of biophilic principles for
exterior and/or interior design standards.
• Encourage or require the design of buildings in accordance with
the guidelines and practices of the US Green Building Council
LEEDvi or Master Builders Association Built Greenvii.
• Encourage and/or require green site designviii in the zoning
code.
• Adopt green site design standards.
• Encourage environmentally resilient development.
• Reduced energy and water
consumption for residential,
commercial, and industrial
uses.
• Increased urban canopy and
vegetation.
• Increased tranquility for urban
dwellers.
• Reduced impervious surface
flows.
• Improved water quality.
• Reduced community noise.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved health and well-being.
• Increased human interaction.
• Improved cognitive development.
• Improved neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased physical, social and
environmental capitals.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
• Incentivize and encourage green building practices, such as
supporting tax breaks, offering contracting priority to qualified
firms, streamlining permitting process, lowering development
application fees, etc.
• Reduced community light
exposure.
• Improved indoor and outdoor
air quality.
• Reduced climate change
impacts.
• Reduced urban heat island
effect.
• Reduced air pollutants, such
as particulate matter (PM),
carbon monoxide (CO),
nitrogen oxide (NOx), ozone
(O3), volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and
allergens.
• Improved walkability and social
interaction.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Climate
Change, Rising
Sea Water and
Natural
Disasters
• Integrate natural hazards into comprehensive plansix.
• Adopt a Hazard Mitigation Plan consistent and coordinated with
King County or Pierce County Hazard Mitigation Plans.
• Adopt climate change adaptationx and sustainability policies in
the Comprehensive Plan.
• Adopt and implement a climate action plan and strategies that
emphasize and address equity implications of risk.
• Collaborate with the local health department to develop an
emergency preparedness/management plan.
• Develop plans to relocate essential services away from 500-
year flood plain.
• Participate in the National Flood Insurance Programxi (adopt
FEMA requirements).
• Reduced climate change
impacts, particularly on
vulnerable populations.
• Reduced air pollution caused
by greenhouse gases (GHGs),
etc.
• Reduced extreme weather
events.
• Reduced vector-borne
diseases by fleas, ticks, and
mosquitoes.
• Reduced energy and water
consumption for residential,
commercial, and industrial
uses.
• Reduced mortality.
• Reduced health disparities
caused by climate change.
• Improved environmental justice.
• Increased environmental capital.
• Increased community resilience
and social capital.
• Reduced disruption of essential
safety, health, and infrastructure
services.
• Increased neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Increased safety.
• Reduced respiratory diseases.
• Improved overall health and well-
being.
Crime
Prevention
Through
Environmental
Designxii
(CPTED)
• Employ the use of CPTED principles in the zoning code (e.g.
zoning development standards, outdoor lighting, trees,
landscaping).
• Identify places for CPTED prioritization, investment, based on
spatial and crime data.
• Reduced crime and fear.
• Increased perception of safety.
• Increased public access to
open space area.
• Increased walkability and
social interaction.
• Increased usage of open
space.
• Increased sense of place and
ownership of open space.
• Improved neighborhood safety.
• Reduced crime and injuries.
• Increased neighborhood livability
and quality of life.
• Improved overall health and well-
being.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LOGIC MODEL
(SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 -CMOS)
Input/ Impact
Area
Strategies/ Policies
Intermediate Outcomes
Ultimate Outcomes
Sustainable
Development
Best Practice
• Adopt “Smart Growth†principlesxiii to support triple-bottom line
of sustainable development.
• Consider project and non-project impacts on people, prosperity
and planet.
• Consider health impacts on vulnerable populations.
• Encourage appropriate mitigation to address impacts during
SEPA and/or NEPA processxiv.
• Reduced health disparities.
• Improved balance among the
three pillars of sustainable
development—people, prosperity
and planet.
• Improved environmental justice.
Research Evidence
Natural Environment in General
American Public Health Association Policy Number 20137. Nov 5, 2013. “Improving Health and Wellness through Access to Nature.†Accessed April 15, 2020.
https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/08/09/18/improving-health-and-wellness-through-access-to-
nature.
American Society of Landscape Architects. “Professional Practice: Health Benefits of Nature.†Accessed April 15,…
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Bonney-Lake-Natural-Environment-and-Health-Logic-Model-093020CMOS.pdf
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Categories:
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