Effective street sweeping programs require regular evaluation and adjustments to improve performance and meet MS4 Permit requirements and municipal goals. Several factors can impact a program’s success, and understanding these factors helps optimize operations. By routinely assessing their street sweeping efforts, municipalities can increase efficiency, allocate resources effectively, and improve overall program outcomes. This chapter provides guidance on managing and operating a street sweeping program efficiently and effectively. The sections include: • 5.2 Literature Synthesis: Variables that Impact Sweeping Efficiency & Efficacy – Compiles literature findings on factors that impact the efficiency and efficacy of street sweeping practices. • 5.3 Performance Measures for Street Sweeping Activities – Discusses common criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of street sweeping programs. • 5.4 Improving Efficiency and Efficacy of Street Sweeping Practices – Describes methods for optimizing street sweeping practices based on literature recommendations and performance measures. • 5.5 Designing Street Sweeping Routes – Provides guidance on planning safe and efficient street sweeping routes. • 5.6 Addressing Common Street Sweeping Challenges – Discusses difficulties commonly encountered with implementing street sweeping programs and offers methods for overcoming these challenges. A full read-through of this chapter provides a complete understanding of factors that influence program effectiveness, different performance measures, and actionable methods for optimizing street sweeping efficiency and program effectiveness. This chapter may also be used to guide jurisdictions in implementing their street sweeping programs. Specifically, Section 5.3 can assist jurisdictions in establishing performance metrics and identifying goals and priorities for their programs. Jurisdictions can then navigate to Section 5.4 to find recommendations for improving their programs and sweeping activities based on their specific needs, goals, and priorities. Users interested in understanding where the recommendations in Section 5.4 come from can refer to Section 5.2 for research findings on variables that influence street sweeping effectiveness. Finally, Section 5.5 serves as a guide for jurisdictions in establishing efficient street sweeping routes.