PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 2012: Public and private
partners engage state
legislature to fund program
• June 2012: LID Training
Steering Committee convened
• 2012-2013: Washington State
LID Training Plan developed:
www.wastormwatercenter.org/
statewide-lid-training-program-
plan
• 2014: Training program built
from state LID Training Plan
PROJECT LEAD
ADDITIONAL TRAINING SUPPORT
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
CORE TEAM
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• Implement first phase of
trainings (September 2014
through May 2015)
• 64 trainings offered in first
phase
• Three levels: Introductory,
Intermediate, and Advanced
• Train the Trainer program for
service providers and LID
topic experts
Introduction to
LID for Eastern
Washington
INTRODUCTORY
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
TRAIN THE TRAINERS
Service Providers
Introduction to
LID for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
Introduction to
LID for Developers &
Contractors: Make
Money be Green
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modelling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
LID Topic Experts
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention Media
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
INTERMEDIATE
TRAIN THE TRAINERS
Service Providers
Introduction to
LID for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
Introduction to
LID for Developers &
Contractors: Make
Money be Green
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modelling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
LID Topic Experts
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention Media
TODAY’S TRAINING
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
Introduction to
LID for Eastern
Washington
INTRODUCTORY
ADVANCED
ADVANCED TOPICS FOR LONG-TERM LID
OPERATIONS: PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
Training Program
Statewide LID
INSTRUCTORS
KATHY GWILYM, PE
Principal Civil Engineer
Key project experience: Complete
street design, LID and permeable
pavements for public works and
private projects
REBECCA DUGOPOLSKI, PE
Senior Engineer
Key project experience: Stormwater monitoring,
design, and NPDES Permit compliance
LOGISTICS
SCHEDULE
• Classroom training (8:30-11:45)
• 1-hour lunch break (11:45-12:45)
• Classroom training (12:45-1:30)
• Field exercises (1:30-3:30)
OTHER LOGISTICS
• Restroom location
• Food
• Turn off cell phones
• Sign in and sign out
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the structure and function of
permeable pavement components.
2. Gain an in-depth understanding of the primary
inspection activities and tools to maintain
permeable pavement function over time.
3. Know the primary maintenance requirements
for permeable pavement.
4. Identify maintenance problems and associated
solutions necessary for long-term function of
permeable pavement areas.
introduction
AGENDA
permeable pavement O&M
O&M costs
tools for success
wrap up & field exercises
introduction
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID):
Introduction to Principles
INTRODUCTION
• Site design & planning techniques
emphasizing conservation
• Use of small-scale engineered controls
to closely mimic pre-development
hydrologic processes
• Careful assessment of site soils and
strategic site planning to best use those
soils for stormwater management
LID: Introduction to Principles: Pre-developed
Forest Hydrology
INTRODUCTION
Yakima Regional LID Stormwater Design Manual (April 2011)
LID: Introduction to Principles: Developed
Condition Hydrology
INTRODUCTION
Yakima Regional LID Stormwater Design Manual (April 2011)
LID: Site Design and Planning Techniques
• Minimize disturbance
• Reduce impervious
surface
• Protect and restore
native soils and
vegetation
• Manage stormwater
close to the source
Traditional
LID
INTRODUCTION
LID: Small-Scale Engineering Controls
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
Synonyms for LID BMPs:
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), and On-Site Stormwater Management BMPs
Conserve or regain pre-
developed hydrologic
functions
INTRODUCTION
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
LID: Permeable Pavement
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
INTRODUCTION
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
REGULATORY AND EASTERN WA OVERVIEW
• Phase I*
• Populations ≥ 100,000
• Phase II
• Generally populations >
10,000
• Issuance date: August 1, 2012
• Effective date: August 1, 2014
• Permit term: 5 years (through
July 31, 2019)
*No Phase I jurisdictions in Eastern WA
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
Phase II Cities
Phase II Counties
Asotin
Clarkston
East Wenatchee
Ellensburg
Kennewick
Moses Lake
Pasco
Pullman
Richland
Selah
Spokane
Spokane Valley
Sunnyside
Union Gap
Walla Walla
Wenatchee
West Richland
Yakima
Asotin
Chelan
Douglas
Spokane
Walla Walla
Yakima
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Core Elements
REGULATORY AND EASTERN WA OVERVIEW
Preparation of Stormwater Site
Plans
Construction Stormwater
Pollution Prevention
Source Control of Pollution
Preservation of Natural Drainage
Systems
Runoff Treatment
Flow Control
Operation and Maintenance
Local Requirements
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Core Elements (CE)
INTRODUCTION & REGULATIONS
• CE #5 – Runoff Treatment
• Water quality treatment
for pollution-generating
areas
• CE #6 – Flow Control
• Control of flow peaks and
flow durations
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
O&M Standards
Requirement
Permit Reference
Adopt or update ordinance or other
enforceable documents that includes O&M
standards
Post-construction
Stormwater Management
for New Development and
Redevelopment
(S5.B.5.a.ii)
Include in municipal O&M Plan
(stormwater collection and conveyance
system component):
Catch basin cleaning
Stormwater system maintenance
Scheduled structural BMP inspections
and maintenance
Pollution prevention and good
housekeeping practices
Municipal Operations and
Maintenance
(S5.B.6.a.i.(a))
INTRODUCTION
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Plan Review
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
Permit Reference
Verify that O&M plan is completed and
includes the following:
Addresses all proposed stormwater
facilities and BMPs
Identifies the party (or parties)
responsible for maintenance and
operation
Addresses the long-term funding
mechanism to support O&M
Appendix 1 – Core Element #7
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
Permit Reference
Ordinance providing legal authority to
inspect private stormwater facilities
Post-construction
Stormwater Management
(S5.B.5.a.iii)
Inspect structural BMPs at least once during
installation
Post-construction
Stormwater Management
(S5.B.5.c.ii)
Inspect structural BMPs at least once every
5 years after installation (or more
frequently)
Post-construction
Stormwater Management
(S5.B.5.c.iii)
Perform spot checks for potentially
damaged BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee after major storm events
Municipal O&M
(S5.B.6.a.ii.(c))
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Enforcement
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
Permit Reference
Enforce compliance with
maintenance standards as needed
based on inspection
Post-construction
Stormwater Management
(S5.B.5.a.iv-v)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Training
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
Permit Reference
Train staff involved in permitting,
planning, plan review, field
inspection, & enforcement
Construction Site
Stormwater Runoff
(S5.B.4.b.ii and S5.B.4.c.ii)
and
Post-construction Stormwater
Management
(S5.B.5.d)
Implement an ongoing training
program for employees who have
primary O&M job functions that may
impact SW quality
Post-construction Stormwater
Management
(S5.B.6.b)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Record Keeping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
Permit Reference
Keep records of inspections and
enforcement actions (e.g., inspection
reports, warning letters, notices of
violations)
Post-construction Stormwater
Management (S5.B.5.c.i)
Private facilities – retain a copy of the
O&M Plan on site or within
reasonable access to the site
Appendix 1 – Core Element #7
Public facilities – retain a copy of the
O&M Plan within the appropriate
department
Appendix 1 – Core Element #7
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Mapping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
SWMMEW Reference
Footprint of proposed drainage
features (ponds, vegetated or other
infiltration facilities, pipe routes,
ditches)
SWMMEW, Appendix 3B
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Objective
• Developed for Western WA, but
is also applicable to Eastern WA
• Support permittees in
implementing LID maintenance
programs
• Provide specific O&M guidance
so permittees can create
maintenance standards that
preserve facility function
• Note: Jurisdictions may want to
tailor the tables in the O&M
guidance document to address
varying levels-of-service
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Development
• Two advisory committees
• LID Maintenance Advisory
Committee
• LID Maintenance Administrative
Issues Advisory Committee
• Best available information
• Advisory committee input
• Literature review
• Targeted surveys sent to
jurisdictions, contractors/
landscapers, and vendors
• Guidance will evolve over time
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
• Summary of NPDES Permit Requirements
• Maintaining LID BMPs
• Bioretention facilities
• Rain gardens
• Permeable pavement
• Vegetated roofs
• Programmatic & Administrative Guidance
• Downspout infiltration
systems
• Downspout, sheet flow, and
conc. dispersion systems
• Compost amended soils
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
• BMP description
• How water moves through
facility
• Key maintenance
considerations to ensure facility
function
• Function by BMP component
• Key maintenance by BMP
component
• Key operations to preserve
facility function
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Maintenance Standard and Procedures
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Equipment and Materials List
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Skills and Staffing
• List of general skills required
• List of additional specialized
skills
• Staffing survey estimates (e.g.,
crew hours per facility, per
linear foot, or per square foot)
INTRODUCTION
permeable pavement O&M
TOPICS
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
Types & terms
How the facility works
Maintenance considerations for
facility function
General maintenance for all types
Routine maintenance activities
specific to each type
Corrective maintenance activities
Equipment and material
recommendations
Skills
1. TYPES & TERMS
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
Pervious
Concrete
Porous
Asphalt
Permeable
Interlocking
Concrete
Pavers
Open Celled
Systems
(Flexible &
Rigid)
1. TYPES: Porous Asphalt
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Flexible, non-proprietary
• Placement is similar to conventional asphalt but need large quantity
• Typically used for parking and light traffic loads; however, has been
used for medium and heavy applications
• Initial Infiltration rate: 200+ inches/hour
Porous asphalt
wearing course
Choker course
(e.g. 1.5 in. to US sieve No. 8 crushed, washed stone)
Coarse aggregate base (e.g. AASHTO No. 3)
Subgrade
(minimal compaction)
1. TYPES: Pervious Concrete
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Rigid, non-proprietary
• Placement differs from conventional. Small batches feasible.
• 3/8” typical (round or crushed) aggregate w/o to minimal fines.
Admixtures (optional) to increase workability and strength.
• Initial Infiltration rate 200+ inches/hour
1. TYPES: Permeable Interlocking Pavers
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Flexible, proprietary
• Capable of high vehicle loads. Used for lower speeds
• High-density concrete that interlock and transfer vertical loads to
surrounding pavers
• Clean aggregate (w/o fines) filled within the openings/gaps
• Initial infiltration rates can vary depending upon paver type
1. TYPES: Plastic Grids
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Flexible, proprietary
• Plastic grid filled with clean gravel (w/o fines) or soil and planted
with grass
• Trails, paths, maintenance access in a park, parking
• Highest percent voids
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
2. HOW THE FACILITY WORKS
2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
2. HOW THE FACILITY WORKS
• Sections vary – check as-builts
• Top Wearing Course
• Leveling Course?
• Sub-base (storage)
• Water quality treatment layer?
• Geotextile?
• Native soil
• Storage within Sub-base
• Slope conditions – check dams
• Overflow (pipe or structure)
Break
3. MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• “The maintenance of LID facilities is
essential to ensure that design
stormwater management and other
benefits continue over the full
lifecycle of the installation.”
• What to look for?
• Drainage Function
• Safety
• Aesthetics
• Is it different?
• Long term infiltration capacity can
remain high however……………
3. O&M TRANSITION
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• O&M starts at the Planning phase
• Who? How? Why? What?
Where?
• Transitioning from Construction
to O&M
• Purpose?
• What are the regulatory
reporting requirements?
• Record/As-built?
• Training new staff
• Mapping
Inform crews about protecting
permeable pavements
Use tarps/cover under stockpiles
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
4. GENERAL: Protection of Surface
4. GENERAL: Adjacent Stabilization
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
Maintain stabilization of adjacent areas
to protect from sediment transport
• Proactive vs. reactive
• Address the source
4. GENERAL: Vegetation Migration & Rooting
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Ground Cover Migration
• Cover if Hydroseeding
• Options for Maintenance
• Modify planting plan and remove
invasive plants
• Maintain adjacent landscaping
• Weed burners
Ground cover
migration happens
even with conventional
pavement
4. GENERAL: Moss Growth
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Be careful with expectations
• Moss is present regardless of
pavement type in PNW
• More prevalent in shady areas and
under trees
• Remove if its observed to affect
drainage
• Some is okay
• Perception
Pervious concrete sidewalk with…