INSTRUCTORS
KATHY GWILYM, PE
Principal Civil Engineer
Key project experience: Complete
street design, LID and permeable
pavements for public works and
private projects
REBECCA DUGOPOLSKI, PE
Senior Engineer
Key project experience: Stormwater monitoring,
design, and NPDES Permit compliance
introduction
AGENDA
permeable pavement O&M
O&M costs
administrative tools
wrap up & field exercises
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the structure and function of
permeable pavement components.
2. Gain an in‐depth understanding of the primary
inspection activities and tools to maintain
permeable pavement function over time.
3. Know the primary maintenance requirements
for permeable pavement.
4. Identify maintenance problems and associated
solutions necessary for long‐term function of
permeable pavement areas.
LOGISTICS
SCHEDULE
• Classroom training: 9:00‐12:00
• Lunch (provided): 12:00‐12:45
• Classroom training: 12:45‐1:30
• Field exercises: 1:30‐3:30
OTHER LOGISTICS
• Restroom location
• Food
• Turn off cell phones
• Sign in and sign out
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 2012: Public and private
partners engage state
legislature to fund program.
• June 2012: LID Training
Steering Committee convened.
• 2012‐2013: Washington State
LID Training Plan developed:
www.wastormwatercenter.org/
lid‐background
• 2014: Training program built
from state LID Training Plan.
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 49 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2014‐2015.
• 42 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2015‐2016.
• 39 trainings offered in
western and eastern WA in
2017.
• Three levels: Introductory,
Intermediate, and Advanced.
• Statewide LID Certificate now
available.
PROJECT LEAD
ADDITIONAL TRAINING SUPPORT
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
CORE TEAM
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTORY
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTORY
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long‐term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
ADVANCED TOPICS FOR LONG-TERM LID
OPERATIONS: PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
Training Program
Statewide LID
introduction
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID):
Introduction to Principles
INTRODUCTION
• Site design & planning techniques
emphasizing conservation
• Use of small‐scale engineered controls
to closely mimic pre‐development
hydrologic processes
• Careful assessment of site soils and
strategic site planning to best use those
soils for stormwater management
LID: Introduction to Principles: Pre‐developed
Forest Hydrology
2012 LID Manual
INTRODUCTION
LID: Introduction to Principles: Developed
Condition Hydrology
2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound
INTRODUCTION
LID: Site Design and Planning Techniques
• Minimize disturbance
• Reduce impervious
surface
• Protect and restore
native soils and
vegetation
• Manage stormwater
close to the source
Traditional
LID
INTRODUCTION
LID: Small‐Scale Engineering Controls
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
Synonyms for LID BMPs:
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), and On-Site Stormwater Management BMPs
Conserve or regain pre‐
developed hydrologic
functions
INTRODUCTION
• Rain Gardens (BMP T5.14A)
• Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
• Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
• Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
• Downspout Full Infiltration (BMP T5.10A)
• Downspout Dispersion (BMP T5.10B)
• Concentrated Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.11)
• Sheet Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.12)
• Compost Amended Soils (BMP T5.13)
LID: Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Park Place
LID: Permeable Pavement
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
INTRODUCTION
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Western WA NPDES Permit
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater
Permits
Municipal Stormwater Permittees in Washington State
Phase 1 Permittees
Western Washington Phase
II Permittees
Eastern Washington Phase II
Permittees
Seattle
Tacoma
Clark County
King County
Pierce County
Snohomish County
WSDOT
82 Cities
5 Counties
WSDOT
18 Cities
5 Counties
Secondary Permittees: Approximately 45; such as ports and universities
To see a listing of permittees visit
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/municipal/MuniStrmWtrPermList.html
INTRODUCTION
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By Permittee
• Phase II requirements are somewhat less extensive
• Secondary permittee requirements vary
Timeline for updating maintenance standards
Phase I
Per Section S5.C.9.a of
the Phase I Permit
Phase II
June
2014
June 30,
2015
Dec. 31,
2016
June 30,
2017
June 30,
2018
Most
Permittees
Lewis Co. and
Cowlitz Co.
City of
Aberdeen
Per Section S5.C.5.a of the Phase I Permit
INTRODUCTION
New
Permittees
Dec. 31,
2017
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By BMP Classification
• On‐site Stormwater
Management BMPs
• Stormwater Treatment and
Flow Control BMPs/Facilities
INTRODUCTION
NPDES MUNICIPAL STORMWATER PERMIT:
Minimum Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
Preparation of Stormwater
Site Plans
Construction SWPPP
Source Control
Preserve natural Drainage
On‐Site Stormwater
management
Run‐off Treatment
Flow Control
Wetlands Protection
O&M
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Minimum Requirements (MRs)
• MR #2 – Construction Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
• Protect LID BMPs from sediment and
compaction
• MR #5 – On‐site Stormwater
Management
• Infiltrate, disperse, and retain runoff on‐
site to the extent feasible
Lotus Springs
INTRODUCTION
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Minimum Requirements (MRs)
• MR #6 – Runoff Treatment
• Water quality treatment for
pollution‐generating areas
• MR #7 – Flow Control
• Control of flow peaks and flow
durations
INTRODUCTION
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
On‐site Stormwater Management BMPs
• Used to help meet MR #5
• May be used to help meet
MR #6 and/or MR #7
• “On‐site Stormwater
Management BMPs”= LID
BMPs
INTRODUCTION
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
On‐site Stormwater Management BMPs
• Includes the following LID BMPs:
• Rain Gardens (BMP T5.14A)
• Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
• Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
• Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
• Downspout Full Infiltration (BMP T5.10A)
• Downspout Dispersion (BMP T5.10B)
• Concentrated Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.11)
• Sheet Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.12)
• Compost Amended Soils (BMP T5.13)
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
On‐site SW Management BMPs (LID BMP)
• “Distributed stormwater management practices, integrated into a
project design, that emphasize pre‐disturbance hydrologic
processes of infiltration, filtration, storage, evaporation and
transpiration. LID BMPs include, but are not limited to,
bioretention/rain gardens, permeable pavements, roof downspout
controls, dispersion, soil quality and depth, vegetated roofs,
minimum excavation foundations, and water re‐use.”
Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit
DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
• SW Treatment & Flow Control BMPs/Facilities (MR #6
and/or MR #7)
• “Detention facilities, treatment BMPs/facilities,
bioretention, vegetated roofs, and permeable pavements
that help meet Appendix 1 Minimum Requirements #6
(treatment), #7 (flow control), or both”
Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit
Onsite SW Management BMP
Flow Control
Credit
Treatment
Credit1
Soil Amendment
Dispersion
Retaining & Planting Trees
Rainwater Harvesting
Bioretention3
Permeable Pavement3
Vegetated Roofs 3
DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
Subset of On‐site Stormwater Management BMPs used to meet MR #6 or MR #7
(may also be used to meet MR #5)
1 Meets basic, enhanced and phosphorus treatment when infiltrating through soil per Ecology treatment requirements
2 Where permeable pavement is over soils meeting the suitability criteria or a treatment layer is included
3Also considered SW Treatment & Flow Control BMPs/Facilities (additional requirements in regard to long term inspection,
operations, and maintenance apply)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
O&M Standards
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Implement maintenance standards
Adopt or update ordinance or other
enforceable documents
Implement practices, policies, &
procedures to reduce SW impacts
associated with runoff*
INTRODUCTION
*Requirements for O&M including (but not limited to): pipe cleaning, cleaning conveyance
structures, sediment and erosion control, and vegetation management
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Plan Review
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Verify maintenance plan completed &
O&M responsibility assigned
Verify submission of maintenance
instructions
Verify that O&M manual is complete
Review and approve declaration of
covenant (including design details,
figures and maintenance instructions)
and grant of easement
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Legal authority to inspect private
stormwater facilities and enforce
maintenance standards
Conduct post‐construction
inspections to ensure proper
installation
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection (continued)
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Conduct inspections during
construction in new residential
developments*
Conduct ongoing annual inspections
Perform spot checks for potentially
damaged BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee after major storm events
*Every 6 months until 90% of the lots are constructed or when construction is stopped and
the site is fully stabilized
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Enforcement
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Enforce compliance with
maintenance standards as needed
based on inspection
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Training
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Train staff involved in plan review,
permitting, construction site
inspections, & enforcement
Implement an ongoing training
program for employees who have
primary O&M job functions that may
impact SW quality
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Record Keeping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Keep records of inspections and
enforcement actions (e.g., inspection
reports, notices of violations)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Mapping
INTRODUCTION
Requirement
On‐site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Scale drawing of the lot(s) and public
ROW that show BMP locations
Map BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee
Map connections between BMPs and
tributary conveyances*
*Phase I Only
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LID O&M Guidance Document
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Objective
• Support permittees in
implementing LID maintenance
programs
• Provide specific O&M guidance
so permittees can create
maintenance standards that
preserve facility function
• Note: Jurisdictions may want to
tailor the tables in the O&M
guidance document to address
varying levels‐of‐service
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Development
• Two advisory committees
• LID Maintenance Advisory
Committee
• LID Maintenance Administrative
Issues Advisory Committee
• Best available information
• Advisory committee input
• Literature review
• Targeted surveys sent to
jurisdictions, contractors/
landscapers, and vendors
• Guidance will evolve over time
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
• Summary of NPDES Permit Requirements
• Maintaining LID BMPs
• Bioretention facilities
• Rain gardens
• Permeable pavement
• Vegetated roofs
• Programmatic & Administrative Guidance
• Downspout infiltration
systems
• Downspout, sheet flow, and
conc. dispersion systems
• Compost amended soils
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Content
• BMP description
• How water moves through
facility
• Key maintenance considerations
to ensure facility function
• Function by BMP component
• Key maintenance by BMP
component
• Key operations to preserve facility
function
INTRODUCTION
Photos provided by MIG SvR
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Maintenance Standard and Procedures
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Equipment and Materials List
INTRODUCTION
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Skills and Staffing
• List of general skills required
• List of additional specialized
skills
• Staffing survey estimates (e.g.,
crew hours per facility, per
linear foot, or per square foot)
INTRODUCTION
Photo provided by MIG SvR
permeable pavement O&M
TOPICS
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Types
• How the system works
• Maintenance considerations for
facility function
• General maintenance for all
• Routine maintenance activities
specific to each type
• Corrective maintenance activities
• Equipment and material
recommendations
• Skills
TYPES & TERMS
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
Pervious
Concrete
Porous
Asphalt
Permeable
Interlocking
Concrete
Pavers
Open
Celled
Systems
(Flexible &
Rigid)
Photos provided
by MIG SvR
TYPES: Porous Asphalt
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT O&M
• Flexible, non‐proprietary.