INSTRUCTORS
REBECCA DUGOPOLSKI, PE
Senior Engineer
Key project experience: Stormwater monitoring,
design, and NPDES Permit compliance
KATE FORESTER
Environmental Designer
Key project experience:
Stormwater design,
maintenance, and manual
development
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 2012: Public and private
partners engage state
legislature to fund program
• June 2012: LID Training
Steering Committee convened
• 2012-2013: Washington State
LID Training Plan developed:
www.wastormwatercenter.org/
lid-background
• 2014: Training program built
from state LID Training Plan
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• 49 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2014-2015
• 42 trainings in western and
eastern WA in 2015-2016
• 39 trainings offered in
western and eastern WA in
2017
• Three levels: Introductory,
Intermediate, and Advanced
• Statewide LID Certificate now
available
PROJECT LEAD
ADDITIONAL TRAINING SUPPORT
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
CORE TEAM
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTOR
INTERMEDIAT
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
Introduction to LID
for Inspection &
Maintenance Staff
INTRODUCTOR
INTERMEDIAT
ADVANCED
Intermediate LID
Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Intermediate LID
Topics: NPDES Phase
I & II Requirements
Intermediate
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Permeable Pavement
Advanced Topics in
LID Design:
Hydrologic Modeling
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Site
Assessment,
Planning & Layout
Advanced Topics in
LID Design: Rainwater
Collection Systems &
Vegetated Roofs
Advanced Topics in LID
Design: Bioretention
Media and Compost
Amended Soils
TODAY’S TRAINING
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Bioretention
Intermediate
LID Design:
Bioretention
Advanced Topics for
Long-term LID
Operations:
Permeable Pavement
Intermediate LID
Design: Site
Assessment, Planning
& Layout
INTRODUCTION TO LID
INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE STAFF
Training
Program
Statewide
LID
introduction
AGENDA
LID O&M overview
BMP specifics
administrative tools
wrap up
introduction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Participants will gain a basic understanding of
inspection and maintenance activities
associated with LID BMPs.
2. Identify priority elements when conducting
inspections for LID facilities
3. Identify and understand the most common
problems and associated solutions related to
maintaining LID BMPs
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID):
Stormwater Management Strategy
INTRODUCTION
• Site design & planning
techniques emphasizing
conservation
• Use of small-scale engineered
and non-engineered controls to
closely mimic pre-development
hydrologic processes
LID Principles: Pre-developed Forest
INTRODUCTION
2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual
for Puget Sound
LID Principles: Developed Condition
INTRODUCTION
2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual
for Puget Sound
LID Principles: Site Design And Planning
INTRODUCTION
• Minimize disturbance
• Reduce impervious
surface
• Protect and restore
native soils and
vegetation
• Manage stormwater
close to the source
Traditio
nal
LID
LID BMPs: Small-Scale Engineering Controls
INTRODUCTION
• Infiltration
• Filtration
• Storage
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
Synonyms for LID BMPs:
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), and
On-Site Stormwater Management BMPs
Conserve or regain
pre-developed hydrologic
functions
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
Intro to LID
NPDES Permit
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater
Permits
Municipal Stormwater Permittees in Washington State
Phase 1 Permittees
Western Washington Phase
II Permittees
Eastern Washington Phase II
Permittees
Seattle
Tacoma
Clark County
King County
Pierce County
Snohomish County
82 Cities
5 Counties
18 Cities
5 Counties
Secondary Permittees: Approximately 45; such as ports and universities
To see a listing of permittees visit
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/municipal/MuniStrmWtrPermList.html
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By Permittee
INTRODUCTION
• Phase II requirements are somewhat less extensive
• Secondary permittee requirements vary
Timeline for updating maintenance standards
Phase I
Per Section
S5.C.9.a of the
Phase I Permit
Phase II
Jun
201
June
30,
2015
Dec.
31,
2016
June
30,
2017
June
30,
2018
Most
Permitte
Lewis Co.
and Cowlitz
Co.
City of
Aberdee
Per Section S5.C.5.a of the
Phase I Permit
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS:
Requirements Vary By BMP Classification
INTRODUCTION
• On-site Stormwater
Management BMPs
• Stormwater Treatment and
Flow Control BMPs/Facilities
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Minimum
Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
Preparation of Stormwater
Site Plans
Construction SWPPP
Source Control
Preserve natural Drainage
On-Site Stormwater
management
Run-off Treatment
Flow Control
Wetlands Protection
O&M
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Minimum Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
• MR #2 – Construction Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
• Protect LID BMPs from sediment and
compaction
• MR #5 – On-site Stormwater
Management
• Infiltrate, disperse, and retain runoff
on-site to the extent feasible
Lotus Springs
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Minimum
Requirements (MRs)
INTRODUCTION
• MR #6 – Runoff Treatment
• Water quality treatment for
pollution-generating areas
• MR #7 – Flow Control
• Control of flow peaks and flow
durations
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: On-site
Stormwater Management BMPs
INTRODUCTION
• Used to help meet MR #5
• May be used to help meet MR #6
and/or MR #7
• “On-site Stormwater Management
BMPs”= LID BMPs
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: On-site
Stormwater Management BMPs
INTRODUCTION
Includes the following LID BMPs:
• Rain Gardens (BMP T5.14A)
• Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
• Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
• Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
• Full Dispersion (BMP T5.30)
• Downspout Full Infiltration (BMP T5.10A)
• Downspout Dispersion (BMP T5.10B)
• Concentrated Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.11)
• Sheet Flow Dispersion (BMP T5.12)
• Compost-amended soils (BMP T5.13)
NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: Treatment
and Flow Control BMPs/Facilities
INTRODUCTION
• Subset of On-site Stormwater Management BMPs
• Used to meet MR #6 or MR #7
• May also be used to meet MR #5
• Includes the following BMPs:
• Bioretention (BMP T5.14B)
• Permeable Pavement (BMP T5.15)
• Vegetated Roofs (BMP T5.17)
• Detention facilities
• Standard infiltration facilities
• Treatment BMPs/facilities
LID O&M overview
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
O&M Standards
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Implement maintenance standards
Adopt or update ordinance or other
enforceable documents
Implement practices, policies, &
procedures to reduce SW impacts
associated with runoff
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Plan Review
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Verify maintenance plan completed &
O&M responsibility assigned
Verify submission of maintenance
instructions
Verify that O&M manual is complete
Review and approve declaration of
covenant (including design details,
figures and maintenance instructions)
and grant of easement
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Legal authority to inspect private
stormwater facilities and enforce
maintenance standards
Conduct post-construction
inspections to ensure proper
installation
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Inspection (continued)
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Conduct inspections during
construction in new residential
developments*
Conduct ongoing annual inspections
Perform spot checks for potentially
damaged BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee after major storm events
*Every 6 months until 90% of the lots are constructed or when construction is stopped and
the site is fully stabilized
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Enforcement
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Enforce compliance with
maintenance standards, as needed,
based on inspection
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Training
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Train staff involved in plan review,
permitting, construction site
inspections, & enforcement
Implement an ongoing training
program for employees who have
primary O&M job functions that may
impact SW quality
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Record Keeping
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Keep records of inspections and
enforcement actions (e.g., inspection
reports, notices of violations)
NPDES PERMIT LID O&M REQUIREMENTS:
Mapping
LID O&M OVERVIEW
Requirement
On-site SW
Management
BMPs
SW Treatment & Flow
Control BMPs/Facilities (MR
#6 and/or MR #7)
Scale drawing of the lot(s) and public
ROW that show BMP locations
Map BMPs owned/operated by
Permittee
Map connections between BMPs and
tributary conveyances*
*Phase I Only
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Objective
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Support permittees in implementing
LID maintenance programs
• Provide specific O&M guidance so
permittees can create maintenance
standards that preserve facility
function
• Note: Jurisdictions may want to tailor
the tables in the O&M guidance
document to address varying levels-
of-service
Drena Donofrio
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT:
Development
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Two advisory committees
LID Maintenance Advisory Committee
LID Maintenance Administrative Issues
Advisory Committee
• Best available information
Advisory committee input
Literature review
Targeted surveys sent to jurisdictions,
contractors/ landscapers, and vendors
• Guidance will evolve over time
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Overview
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Summary of NPDES Permit Requirements
• Maintaining LID BMPs
• Bioretention facilities
• Rain gardens
• Permeable pavement
• Vegetated roofs
• Programmatic & Administrative Guidance
• Downspout infiltration systems
• Downspout, sheet flow, and concentrated
dispersion systems
• Compost-amended soils
LID O&M GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Overview
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• BMP description
• How water moves through facility
• Key maintenance considerations to
ensure facility function
• Function by BMP component
• Key maintenance by BMP component
• Key operations to preserve facility
function
Photo courtesy of Seattle
Public Utilities
LID O&M GUIDANCE: Overview
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Maintenance standards and procedures
LID O&M GUIDANCE: Overview
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Equipment and material list
LID O&M GUIDANCE: Overview
LID O&M OVERVIEW
• Skills and Staffing
List of general skills required
List of additional specialized skills
Staffing survey estimates (e.g., crew
hours per facility, per linear foot, or per
square foot)
BMP specifics
DISPERSION
BIORETENTION
PERMEABLE
PAVEMENT
COMPOST-
AMENDED SOILS
TREES
VEGETATED ROOFS
INFILTRATION
DISPERSION
BIORETENTION
PERMEABLE
PAVEMENT
COMPOST-
AMENDED SOILS
TREES
VEGETATED ROOFS
INFILTRATION
• Vegetated areas that collect runoff from impervious
surfaces
• Restores the natural drainage patterns of sheet flow
and infiltration
• Types:
• Downspout dispersion
• Concentrated flow dispersion
• Sheet flow dispersion
DEFINITION AND TYPES
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION
• Splash block
• Dispersal area
COMPONENTS: Downspout Dispersion
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION
Source: City of Seattle
25’ MIN
25’ MIN VEGETATED FLOW PATH
• Dispersion trench
• Dispersal area
COMPONENTS:
Downspout Dispersion
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION AND INFILTRATION
Source: King County
Sheet Flow Dispersion
• Transition zone
• Dispersal area
Concentrated Flow Dispersion
• Rock pad at discharge point
• Dispersal area
COMPONENTS: Sheet Flow and Concentrated
Flow Dispersion
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION AND INFILTRATION
Splash Block
• Reconfigure/repair blocks to direct water away from building structure
• Reconfigure/repair blocks to prevent water from disrupting soil media
Dispersal Area
• Investigate cause of erosion (gullies/rills) greater than 2 inches deep
• Remove accumulated sediment or debris blocking or channelizing flow
path
• Investigate cause of standing water (e.g., grade depressions, compacted
soil) that persists for more than 3 days after the end of a storm event
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES: Dispersion
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION AND INFILTRATION
Dispersion Trench
• Remove/dispose of accumulated trash, debris, or sediment on drain
rock
• Remove/dispose of vegetation/moss present on drain rock
• Repair/seal/replace cracked, collapsed, broken, or misaligned drain
pipes
• Remove/dispose of sediment in the sump
• Repair/replace stuck, buried, or missing access lid cover
Rock Pad
• Add additional rock if only one layer of rock exists, exposed soil is
present, or soil erosion is occurring
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES: Dispersion
BMP SPECIFICS – DISPERSION AND INFILTRATION
DISPERSION
BIORETENTION
PERMEABLE
PAVEMENT
COMPOST-
AMENDED SOILS
TREES
VEGETATED ROOFS
INFILTRATION
• Trench or drywell designs intended only for use in
infiltrating runoff from roof downspout drains
• Types:
• Downspout full infiltration (infiltration trenches or
drywells)
DEFINITION AND TYPES
BMP SPECIFICS – INFILTRATION
• Rock trench/well
• Inlet
• Storage sump
COMPONENTS: Downspout Full Infiltration
BMP SPECIFICS – INFILTRATION
Source: King County
Rock Trench/Well
• Remove/dispose of accumulated trash, debris, or sediment on drain
rock
• Remove/dispose of vegetation/moss present on drain rock
Inlet/Outlet Pipe(s)
• Remove/dispose of accumulated trash, debris, or sediment
• Clear accumulated sediment from inlet/outlet pipe and screen
• Repair/seal/replace cracked, collapsed, broken, or misaligned drain
pipes
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES: Infiltration
BMP SPECIFICS – INFILTRATION
Roof Downspout
• Repair/replace missing or damaged splash pad