Street Sweeping Manual
Detailed Manual Outline
July 2024
Street Sweeping Manual | Detailed Manual Outline
Table of Contents
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i
Chapter 1.
MANUAL INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1
Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2
Manual Background and Purpose ………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.3
MS4 Permit Requirements …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.4
Manual Organiza#on ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Chapter 2.
STREET SWEEPING BENEFITS……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.1
Chapter Introduc#on ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
2.2
Literature Synthesis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.2.1
Sources of Street Waste ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
2.2.2
Physiochemical Characteris#cs ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
2.2.3
Removal Efficiency ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
2.2.4
Street Pollutant Transport …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
2.2.5
Water Quality Benefits ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.3
Co-Benefits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Chapter 3.
IDENTIFYING PRIORITY STREET SWEEPING AREAS ………………………………………………………… 5
3.1
Chapter Introduc#on ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
3.2
Literature Synthesis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
3.3
Applicable Permit Requirements ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5
3.4
Iden#fying and Selec#ng Priority Street Sweeping Areas ………………………………………………….. 5
3.4.1
Using Collected Data to Iden#fy Priority Street Sweeping Areas …………………………………….. 5
3.4.2
Using Literature Findings to Iden#fy Priority Street Sweeping Areas ………………………………. 5
3.5
Other Jurisdic#onal Priority Areas for Street Sweeping …………………………………………………….. 5
Chapter 4.
ESTABLISHING STREET SWEEPING PROGRAMS …………………………………………………………….. 7
4.1
Chapter Introduc#on ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
4.2
Street Sweeping Overview …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
4.3
Program Elements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
4.3.1
Administra#on …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
4.3.2
Staffing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
4.3.3
Scheduling ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
4.3.4
Opera#ons and Maintenance …………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Table of Contents
Street Sweeping Manual | Detailed Manual Outline
4.3.5
Street Waste Disposal ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
4.3.6
Documenta#on & Repor#ng ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
4.3.7
Training …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
4.4
Program Sizing …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
4.5
Program Organiza#on …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.6
Street Sweeping Equipment ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
4.6.1
Equipment Selec#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.6.2
Equipment Maintenance …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.6.3
Equipment Replacement …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.7
Contrac#ng vs. In-House Street Sweeping ………………………………………………………………………. 8
4.8
Other Program Considera#ons ………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
4.8.1
Sweeping Nonstandard Curb Lines……………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.8.2
Wet Weather Prac#ces ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.8.3
Tree Impacts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
4.8.4
Parking Restric#ons and Enforcement ………………………………………………………………………… 8
4.8.5
Interlocal Agreements and Partnerships ……………………………………………………………………… 9
Chapter 5.
OPTIMIZING STREET SWEEPING PRACTICES ………………………………………………………………. 11
5.1
Chapter Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
5.2
Literature Synthesis: Variables that Impact Sweeping Efficiency and Efficacy …………………….. 11
5.3
Performance Measures for Street Sweeping Ac#vi#es ……………………………………………………. 11
5.4
Improving Efficiency and Efficacy of Street Sweeping Prac#ces ………………………………………… 11
5.5
Designing Street Sweeping Routes ……………………………………………………………………………….. 11
5.5.1
Considera#ons when Designing Street Sweeping Routes …………………………………………….. 11
5.5.2
Grids …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
5.5.3
Areas …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
5.6
Addressing Common Street Sweeping Challenges ………………………………………………………….. 11
Chapter 6.
DOCUMENTING, TRACKING, AND COLLECTING DATA FOR STREET SWEEPING ACTIVITIES .. 13
6.1
Chapter Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.2
Data Collec#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.2.1
Data to be Collected ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.2.2
Supplemen#ng Missing Data ……………………………………………………………………………………. 13
6.3
Tracking …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.3.1
Informa#on to Track ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Table of Contents
Street Sweeping Manual | Detailed Manual Outline
iii
6.3.2
Manual Tracking Methods ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.3.3
Automated Tracking Methods ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.4
Documenta#on and Repor#ng …………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
6.4.1
Permit Documenta#on and Repor#ng Requirements ………………………………………………….. 13
6.4.2
Addi#onal Documenta#on ………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Chapter 7.
DISPOSING OF STREET SWEEPING WASTE …………………………………………………………………. 15
7.1
Chapter Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
7.2
Applicable Permit Requirements ………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
7.3
Street Sweeping Waste Treatment and Disposal …………………………………………………………….. 15
7.3.1
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal ………………………………………………………………………… 15
7.3.2
Solids Disposal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
7.4
Es#ma#ng Generated Waste and Decant Facility Size ……………………………………………………… 15
7.4.1
Es#ma#ng Generated Waste ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
7.4.2
Decant Facility Sizing ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
7.5
Planning, Designing, and Opera#ng Decant Facili#es ……………………………………………………… 15
7.5.1
Decant Facility Planning ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
7.5.2
Decant Facility Design …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
7.5.3
Decant Facility Opera#ons and Maintenance …………………………………………………………….. 16
Chapter 8.
STREET SWEEPING COST CONSIDERATIONS ……………………………………………………………….. 17
8.1
Chapter Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
8.2
Street Sweeping Staff and Resources ……………………………………………………………………………. 17
8.2.1
Workforce Development Program ……………………………………………………………………………. 17
8.3
Lifecycle Cost Es#ma#ng……………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
8.4
Funding …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
8.5
Contrac#ng vs. In-House Street Sweeping …………………………………………………………………….. 17
Chapter 9.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
9.1
Chapter Introduc#on ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
9.2
Emerging Contaminants ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
9.3
Impacts of Sand and Deicers ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Table of Contents
Street Sweeping Manual | Detailed Manual Outline
Chapter 1. MANUAL INTRODUCTION
Purpose: Describe the manual’s intended use and audience, relevant permit requirements, background
on why the manual was developed, and an overview of the manual organiza#on and content.
1.1
Introduc#on
Introduces manual content and background.
1.2
Manual Background and Purpose
Explains manual purpose, background, intended audience, and how the manual can be used.
1.3
MS4 Permit Requirements
Describes 2024–2029 MS4 Stormwater Permit requirements regarding street sweeping, including
Appendix 6 – Street Waste Disposal; compares Phase I, Phase II Eastern Washington, and Phase II
Western Washington requirements.
1.4
Manual Organiza#on
Lists the manual chapters and a brief descrip#on of their content, including appendices.
Figures
Figure of a street sweeper
Tables
Table comparing the Phase I, Phase II Eastern Washington, and Phase II Western Washington
street sweeping requirements
Appendices
None
Sources
Synthesis of Street Sweeping Research & Pracces Guiding Program Development &
Implementaon, Stormwater Ac#on Monitoring Round 4 Proposal
State of Pracce: Assessing Water Quality Benefits from Street Sweeping by Hixon & Dymond
(2018)
O&M Ad Hoc CommiMee White Paper by Trohimovich, et al. (2022)
Structural Stormwater Controls (SSC) Science Synthesis Project Presenta#on by Ecology (2019)
Street Sweeping Technical Sub-group Scope (2022)
City of Ellensburg Street Sweeping vs Catch Basin Cleaning Effecveness Studies Technical
Evaluaon Report (TER) by Navickis-Brasch, et. al. (2020)
Street Sweeping Manual | Detailed Manual Outline
Chapter 2. STREET SWEEPING BENEFITS
Purpose: Summarize the impacts that street waste can have on water quality and the benefits street
sweeping can provide to reduce those impacts. This chapter will also describe addi#onal benefits of
street sweeping, such as benefits to public health and safety.
2.1
Chapter Introduc#on
Introduces the chapter and summarizes its contents.
2.2
Literature Synthesis
Summarizes the compila#on of research findings regarding characteris#cs of street waste and the
impacts of street sweeping on water quality and public health.
2.2.1…